什么时候测眼轴？多久测一次？
刘煦颖国家***验光师、国家***定配师
擅长专业
***数字化验光，青少年近视防控，角膜塑形镜验配，屈光不正诊断
专家简介
国际角膜塑形镜协会亚洲分会(IAOA)会员香港福盛康集团***验光师，多次参加行业峰会论坛、会议，不断学习提升个人技能，擅...
大家好，我是新里程医院眼科视光部的刘煦颖，眼轴是大部分近视宝贝家长最常听到的一个词，眼轴的增长往往伴随着近视度数的增加，那眼轴到底应该什么时候开始测？多久测一次呢？
从近视防控的角度出发，孩子从3岁开始进行***眼轴检查是非常理想且重要的起点，并且根据风险等级制定后续的复查频率，是科学有效的近视管理策略。
1、***检查时间：
3岁开始： 这是目前专家共识**的标准起点。此时孩子通常能够配合检查（如生物测量仪），获取相对可靠的眼轴数据。
目的： 建立基线数据，初步评估远视储备状况，早期识别近视高危儿童。
2、检查频率（基于风险评估）：
低风险： 远视储备充足，眼轴增长在生理性增长范围内，无高度近视家族史，用眼习惯良好，户外活动充足 → 每年复查一次。
中等风险： 远视储备偏低或消耗过快，眼轴增长略快于生理速度，有近视家族史，用眼负荷较大，户外活动不足 → 每6个月复查一次。
高风险： 远视储备已耗尽（即将近视或已近视），眼轴增长明显过快，父母高度近视，用眼习惯差，户外活动极少 → 每3个月复查一次。
注：对于高风险的孩子应该进行散瞳验光***了解远视储备的真实情况。
眼轴测量的核心价值：
***评估近视发展趋势： 眼轴长度是近视进展最直接、最客观的生物指标之一。其增长速度和趋势比单纯的屈光度（验光结果）更能提前预警近视的发生和发展速度。
估算远视储备： 结合角膜曲率等参数，眼轴数据可以更准确地估算孩子的生理性远视储备值，这是预测未来近视风险的关键。
评估防控效果： 对于已经采取近视防控措施（如角膜塑形镜、离焦眼镜、低浓度阿托品）的孩子，定期监测眼轴增长是判断干预措施是否有效的金标准。
个体化管理：每个孩子的生理性眼轴增长基线不同，定期监测可以建立个性化的增长曲线，更***地判断其眼轴增长是否异常。
每个人在一出生就拥有一个『视力银行』的账户，远视储备就相当于存在里面的“钱”，而且是定额的。
随着年龄增长，眼轴和视力的不断发育，存在银行里的钱（远视度数）会不断被消耗如果这个“账户”合理使用，就会实现收支平衡（眼轴正常）即正视。如果过度透支（眼轴过长），则会导致近视。
3-12岁儿童眼球远视储备的参考区间
6~15岁学龄儿童眼球远视储备的参考区间（D）
当远视储备耗尽后，逐渐发展为近视，若不加干预，眼轴继续增长，则可能发展为高度近视。
（高度近视可致盲。高度近视人群易发生黄斑病变、视网膜脱离、后囊性白内障及青光眼等眼部疾病，从而致盲的概率大大升高。）
适龄小朋友的家长，可以及时带小朋友到院进行检查，并建立视觉健康档案，更进一步监控孩子的眼部发育。
声明：本材料来自网络仅供科普使用，无意提供任何医疗建议或**具体治疗方案，与您个体疾病状况有关的任何治疗方案或其他医疗相关问题，请咨询您的主治医生。
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