白内障病因就在你身边出现，你可能还不知道？
什么是白内障
白内障是常见的致盲性眼病。人眼中有一个组织叫做晶状体，正常情况下它是透明的，光线通过它及一些屈光间质到达视网膜，才能清晰地看到外界物体。一旦晶状体由于某些原因发生混浊就会影响视网膜成像，使人看不清东西。也就是说，白内障是眼球内的晶状体发生混浊、由透明变成不透明，阻碍光线进入眼内，从而导致视力下降。早期混浊轻微或范围较小时不影响视力，而后逐渐加重至明显影响视力甚至失明。
目前，老年性白内障是我国首位致盲性眼病，据相关调查预测，到2020 年因白内障而致盲的患者预计将超过4 千万。预防治疗刻不容缓，其中找到病因是关键，那么老年人白内障病因有哪些？
年龄
年龄是老年性白内障的***危险因素，氧化损伤是白内障的特点。 50 岁以上白内障患病人数明显增加，其中70 岁以上者患病率***。人体在发生老化脱水的情况下，体内液体代谢紊乱，就会产生一些异常物质，损害晶体。
阳光与紫外线
长期慢性的紫外线特别是户外紫外线辐射被认为是老年性白内障形成的重要原因。在紫外线影响下，磷离子可能与衰老的晶状体中的钙离子结合，形成不可溶解的磷酸钙，从而导致晶体的硬化与钙化。同时紫外线还影响晶状体的氧化还原过程，促使晶状体蛋白变性，引起白内障。
近视
近视是加速老年性白内障尤其是核性白内障形成的危险因素，因为高度近视产生眼部的病理性改变，直接或间接破坏晶状体的组织结构、干扰晶体蛋白代谢，晶体蛋白的过度凋亡及损伤与白内障的发生、发展密切相关。
糖尿病
糖尿病会使患各型白内障的危险性均**。确认糖尿病的白内障患者的晶体中解质、谷光甘肤、葡萄糖或半乳糖含量均不正常，导致晶体呈高渗状态，从而导致晶体纤维的肿胀及混浊。
吸烟
吸烟也是白内障的发病原因。吸烟者因烟雾中尼古丁等有害物质长期刺激易患白内障，且吸烟量越大危险性越高。有资料表明，抽烟易致晶状体混浊硬化，吸烟者比不吸烟者得白内障而失明的危险高出2倍多。
改善生活环境，减少紫外线的摄入，平衡膳食，适当运动，控制血糖、血压在正常范围，健康用眼，减少白内障的发病。
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